Leukotriene inhibitors are new pharmacological agents for the treatment of mild to moderate persistent asthma and exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Studies concerning their use in children remain scarce. Available data in the treatment of persistent asthma in children suggest that they could be an alternative to long-acting beta 2-agonists when asthma control cannot be obtained with inhaled steroids alone. Their main advantages are first that they are given orally once daily; second, that they do not induce tachyphylaxis to bronchoprotection against EIA, unlike long-acting beta 2-agonists. Studies specifically conducted in children are necessary to best describe their place in pediatric asthma treatment.