According clinico-epidemiological and experimental data there are positive correlation between irradiation and risk of atherosclerosis development. Taking into account that primary physico-chemical effects of ionising radiation influences on organism were connected with biologically active free-radical and their products formation, its pathogenic role under radiation-induced atherosclerotic injures of cardiovascular system is postulate. The development of atherosclerosis includes some consecutive stages beginning with free-radical activation in arterial tissues and blood. The free radical and their reactive species involves physico-chemical changes in plasmatic membranes and lipoproteins, damages of genome, cytotoxicity (apoptosis or reproductive death) and opposite effect of cytoprotection. The activation of intrinsic recovery/repair mechanisms after above types of injury has been associated with the induction of changes in amount of B,E- receptors and lipoproteins modification, the increase of the complexes lipoprotein-antibody. The subsequent events demonstrate the development of dyslipoproteinemias, the functional and morphological injures, appearance of "foam cells" and atherosclerotic damages of arterial wall.