Reported here are two cases of candidemia caused by Candida lusitaniae that occurred in two immunocompromised patients at Hospital Universitario "La Fe" in Valencia, Spain. Case 1 involved a low-birth-weight premature infant with congenital nephrotic syndrome who was successfully treated with amphotericin B, and case 2 involved a 50-year old woman with a high-grade malignancy lymphoma who succumbed to the infection. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the Candida lusitaniae isolates recovered from both patients revealed sensitivity to amphotericin, 5-flucytosine and fluconazole. Results are presented and discussed together with a comprehensive review of the literature, covering all previously reported cases of fungemia caused by this emerging pathogen.