Intracellular pH (pH(i)) of Listeria monocytogenes was determined after exposure to NaCl or sorbitol in liquid and solid media (agar). Both compounds decreased pH(i), and recovery on solid medium was impaired compared to that in liquid medium. N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide abolished pH(i) recovery, and lowering a(w) with glycerol showed no effect on pH(i).