The effect of anxiety on impression formation: affect-congruent or stereotypic biases?

Br J Soc Psychol. 2005 Mar;44(Pt 1):65-83. doi: 10.1348/014466604X23464.

Abstract

Two classes of theories propose that anxious individuals will form either more affect-congruent or more stereotypic impressions of others. These theories' predictions are not mutually exclusive. Eighty-one participants were examined to determine if either class of theories was more descriptive of the effect of anxiety on impression formation or whether a theory combining elements of both was more appropriate. Anxious participants read behavioural descriptions about an Australian Aboriginal target that were stereotypic, non-stereotypic, threatening, and non-threatening, and rated the target on traits that corresponded to the behavioural descriptions. Anxious participants formed impressions that were more affect-congruent, but not more stereotypic, than those formed by control participants. This result was replicated in a field study with 61 participants who were waiting to see a dentist. Future studies should examine the cognitive mechanisms that influence and underlie anxious affect-congruent impression formation.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Affect*
  • Anxiety / psychology*
  • Australia
  • Dental Anxiety / psychology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Internal-External Control
  • Interpersonal Relations*
  • Male
  • Motivation
  • Personality Assessment
  • Prejudice
  • Reference Values
  • Set, Psychology
  • Social Behavior
  • Social Perception*
  • Social Values
  • Stereotyping*