alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a single-gene disorder in which a mutation in the AAT (approved symbol SERPINA1) gene (PI*Z) leads to misfolding of the protein, loss of the protective antiprotease effect of AAT for the lungs, and a toxic effect on hepatocytes. Optimal therapy for AAT deficiency will require a high percentage of hepatocyte transduction to be effective for liver and lung disease. Recently, rAAV genomes pseudotyped with capsids from serotypes 7 and 8 showed efficient hepatic transduction. We hypothesized that upon portal vein injection to target hepatocytes, serotype 8 would better transduce target cells and therefore express hAAT in both a greater percentage of cells and greater amounts. AAV2 and pseudotyped vectors for serotypes 1, 5, and 8 carrying the human AAT transgene were injected at 1 x 10(10) particle doses into C57Bl/6 mice. Circulating hAAT from AAV2/8-injected animals showed a 2-log advantage over AAV2 and 3-log increase over AAV2/1 and 5 for the 24-week study. Most significantly, up to 40% of total liver cells stained positive for the transgene in AAV2/8 subjects while remaining primarily episomal. Therefore, pseudotyped AAV8 provides a vehicle to infect a high percentage of hepatocytes stably and thereby express therapeutic molecules to modify AAT PiZ transcripts.