The C2A domain of synaptotagmin exhibits a high binding affinity for copper: implications in the formation of the multiprotein FGF release complex

Biochemistry. 2005 Nov 8;44(44):14431-42. doi: 10.1021/bi051387r.

Abstract

Human acidic fibroblast growth factor (hFGF-1) is a potent mitogen and is involved in the regulation of key cellular process such as angiogenesis, differentiation, and morphogenesis. hFGF-1 is a signal peptide-less protein that is released into the extracellular compartment as a multiprotein complex consisting of S100A13, synaptotagmin (Syt1), and a hFGF-1 homodimer. Cu(2+) is known to play an important role in the formation of the multiprotein release complex. The source of Cu(2+) required for the formation of the multiprotein release complex is not clear. In this study, we show that the cytoplasmic C2A domain of synaptotagmin binds to Cu(2+) ions with high affinity. Results from the isothermal calorimetry (ITC), near-UV circular dichroism (CD), and absorption spectroscopy experiments suggest that four Cu(2+) ions bind per molecule of C2A domain. Far-UV CD and limited trypsin digestion analysis reveal that the C2A domain undergoes a mild conformational change upon binding to Cu(2+). Competition experiments monitored by ITC and fluorescence resonance energy transfer indicate that Cu(2+) and Ca(2+) ions share common binding sites on the C2A domain. Cu(2+) ions compete with and replace Ca(2+) ions bound to the C2A domain. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data clearly show that Cu(2+) ions bind to the Ca(2+) binding sites in the loops (loops 1-3) located at the apex of the structure of the C2A domain. In addition, there is a unique Cu(2+) binding site located in the loop connecting beta-strands 7 and 8. It appears that the C2A domain provides the Cu(2+) ions required for the formation of the multiprotein FGF release complex.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Copper / metabolism*
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / chemistry*
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Models, Molecular
  • Multiprotein Complexes
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation*
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Rats
  • Synaptotagmin I / chemistry*
  • Synaptotagmin I / genetics
  • Synaptotagmin I / metabolism

Substances

  • Multiprotein Complexes
  • Synaptotagmin I
  • Syt1 protein, rat
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 1
  • Copper