Hoarseness in children: the role of laryngopharyngeal reflux

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Sep;71(9):1361-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.10.029. Epub 2007 Jul 17.

Abstract

Objective: The role of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in hoarseness in children is not well studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of LPR in hoarse children.

Methods: Retrospective chart review identified 337 children with hoarseness over a 3-year period.

Data collected: mode of presentation, associated symptoms, endoscopic findings, laboratory testing, and therapeutic interventions and their outcomes.

Results: Mean age at presentation was 7.2+/-4.3 years with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. Of the 295/337 (88%) children who underwent endoscopy, 107/295 (36%) had LPR changes alone, 86/295 (29%) had vocal fold nodules, 63/295 (20%) had both LPR and vocal fold nodules; and 22/295 (7%) had a finding other than LPR or nodules. Of the children diagnosed with LPR by endoscopy (with or without nodules), 93/170 (55%) underwent at least one additional test for reflux with 69/93 (74%) having a positive test. Of the children diagnosed with LPR by endoscopy, neither cough nor throat clearing was identified in 82/170 (48%) of children. At the first follow-up visit, an average of 3 months from initial presentation, 50% of 169 children who were treated for reflux had improved or resolved. By the second follow-up visit, 4.5 months later, 68% of those children had improved or resolved.

Conclusions: LPR appears to be a very common cause of hoarseness in children, and is an increasingly important symptom in identifying children with LPR. Treatment of LPR often results in improvement of hoarseness.

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Cough / diagnosis
  • Cough / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / complications*
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / epidemiology*
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / physiopathology
  • Hoarseness / epidemiology*
  • Hoarseness / etiology*
  • Hoarseness / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Laryngoscopy
  • Larynx / physiopathology
  • Male
  • Pharynx / physiopathology
  • Prevalence
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index