Agglomeration of ash in fluidized beds gasifying coal: the godel phenomenon

Science. 1975 Feb 21;187(4177):646-8. doi: 10.1126/science.187.4177.646.

Abstract

In a bed of anthracite or bituminous coke fluidized by air at 10 to 15 meters per second at 1200 degrees to 1400 degrees C, molten ash forms beads on the surface of a coke particle, some exuding from its interior. The beads merge and detach them-selves to grow further as loose fluidized ash agglomerates of low carbon content.