Background: Tissue factor (TF) and factor (F) VIIa are the primary initiators of the coagulation cascade, but also promote non-hemostatic events, such as angiogenesis and tumor growth, via activation of protease activated receptor-2 (PAR2). Our previous findings indicated that the TF:FVIIa complex activates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling, leading to cell survival in TF-transfected baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells.
Methods: Using BHK TF, keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), FVIIa-induced phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive binding protein (CREB) were tested and compared to that elicited by thrombin and FXa. In addition, the effect of these factors on cell survival and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was monitored.
Results: Factor VIIa led to a TF-dependent, but TF cytoplasmic domain-independent phosphorylation and activation of CREB in BHK TF, HaCaT and HUVEC. CREB activation was sensitive to blockade of the extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 pathway and PAR2. Surprisingly, FVIIa decreased cell survival in HaCaT cells but not other cell types and upregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins Bak and Puma in a CREB-dependent manner. Factor Xa, but not FIIa, induced phosphorylation of CREB, but did not have an effect on apoptosis.
Conclusion: TF:FVIIa induces CREB phosphorylation and activation in several cell types, but TF:FVIIa induces pro-apoptotic proteins and apoptosis only in selected cell types.