Hemorrhagic shock is the most important cause of early death following major trauma. Aggressive fluid resuscitation therapy is an important treatment approach for hemorrhagic shock, and nurses in critical care units must be adept at the skills to administer such. However, past studies have shown that failure in multiple organs has been induced by aggressive fluid resuscitation therapy. This article first discusses the two hit theory following trauma or shock, then discusses how aggressive crystalloid-based resuscitation strategies are associated with cell, multiple organs and immunological and inflammatory mediator dysfunction. While the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) training program has provided fluid resuscitation therapy guidelines since 1997, resuscitation volume, rate and time as well as crystalloid and colloid ratios remain uncertain. Therefore, we hope this article can provide evidence-based knowledge related to fluid resuscitation therapy in order to avoid secondary organ damage in critical care.