Criteria for the safe avoidance of needle sampling in young women with solid breast masses

Abstract

Aim: To establish clinical and ultrasonic criteria by which needle sampling can be safely avoided in young women with solid breast masses.

Materials and methods: The databases of a large hospital were searched for breast cancers, phyllodes tumours, and papillomas diagnosed in women below the age of 30 years. In addition, the clinical and sonographic findings in female patients less than 25 years of age presenting with a solid breast mass over a 1-year period were reviewed.

Results: Nine women with breast cancer, seven with phyllodes, and six with papillomas were found. No delayed diagnoses in those who had ultrasound would have been made if the following criteria had been applied to avoid needle sampling: age less than 25 years; no known risk factors for breast malignancy; mass not rapidly enlarging; smooth discrete mobile mass on clinical examination, or lesion impalpable; well-defined homogeneously isoechoic or mildly hypoechoic solid mass; less than 3 cm in greatest dimension; ovoid shape, aligned parallel to the skin surface; smooth or gently lobulated contour (two or three lobulations only; no microlobulation); thin echogenic pseudocapsule; no calcification; no acoustic shadowing. Needle sampling could have been safely avoided in approximately two-thirds of the women reviewed below the age of 25 with a solid breast mass.

Conclusion: Application of the proposed criteria would spare a significant number of young women unnecessary needle sampling.