Control of innate immunity by memory CD4 T cells

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2011:780:57-68. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5632-3_6.

Abstract

How memory CD4 T cells contribute to protection upon pathogen -challenge is not fully understood. Beyond traditional helper functions for CD8 T cell and B cell responses, memory CD4 T cells can have a potent impact on the character and a magnitude of inflammatory responses. Here we discuss how memory CD4 T cell control of innate immunity at early time points after pathogen encounters can influence protective responses. We also discuss important aspects of the mechanism whereby memory CD4 T cells directly and indirectly impact the activation status of antigen-presenting cells and production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from multiple cell types. We suggest that control of innate immune responses by the adaptive immune system is a powerful protective mechanism associated with the memory state and represents an important fail-safe in the face of pathogens that fail to trigger robust inflammatory responses through conserved pattern recognition receptors.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigen-Presenting Cells / immunology
  • Antigen-Presenting Cells / metabolism
  • Antigens, Viral / immunology*
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes* / immunology
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes* / metabolism
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Cytokines / biosynthesis
  • Cytokines / immunology
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / immunology
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate*
  • Immunologic Memory*
  • Influenza A virus / physiology*
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology*
  • Mice
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology*
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Receptors, Pattern Recognition / immunology
  • Receptors, Pattern Recognition / metabolism

Substances

  • Antigens, Viral
  • Cytokines
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
  • Receptors, Pattern Recognition