Estimating energy requirements in hospitalised underweight and obese patients requiring nutritional support: a survey of dietetic practice in the United Kingdom

Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Mar;66(3):394-8. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.211. Epub 2011 Dec 21.

Abstract

Background: Many methods are available to determine energy requirements, however, all have limitations, particularly when used for the obese.

Objectives: The aim of this survey was to investigate current practice in the estimation of energy requirements in an underweight and obese hospitalised patient in a large cohort of UK dietitians.

Subject/methods: A cross-sectional anonymous online survey of UK registered dietitians was performed.

Results: A total of 672 responses were received. Underweight patient: prediction equations with adjustment for metabolic stress and physical activity were most commonly used (90%). The median estimated energy requirement was 2079 kcals/day. The estimated energy requirement using calorie per kilogram method was significantly lower compared with equations (P<0.001). The median target volume of feed prescribed was 2000 mls/day. A significant reduction in feed prescribed compared with estimated energy requirements was found (P<0.001). Obese patient: prediction equations to estimate the basal metabolic rate alone were most commonly used (51%). Nutrition support dietitians used a lower stress factor compared with non-nutrition support dietitians (P=0.016). Method used to estimate the energy requirements was associated with years in clinical practice and place of work (P<0.001, 0.001). Calorie per kilogram used in the obese case study (median: 25 kcal/kg) was significantly lower than calorie per kilogram used in the underweight case study (median: 30 kcal/kg; P=0.014).

Conclusions: A significant variation in the methods used by dietitians to estimate the energy requirements was found, particularly in the obese patient group. In an age of rapidly increasing rates of obesity a professional consensus of treatment of this patient group is needed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Basal Metabolism
  • Calorimetry, Indirect
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Dietetics / methods*
  • Energy Intake
  • Energy Metabolism*
  • Health Care Surveys
  • Health Personnel
  • Hospitalization*
  • Humans
  • Mathematics
  • Nutritional Requirements*
  • Nutritional Support*
  • Obesity / metabolism*
  • Professional Competence
  • Stress, Physiological
  • Thinness*
  • United Kingdom