Predicting intraoperative feasibility of combined TES-mMEP and cSSEP monitoring during scoliosis surgery based on preoperative neurophysiological assessment

Spine J. 2014 Jul 1;14(7):1214-20. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.08.017. Epub 2013 Nov 5.

Abstract

Background context: Combined monitoring of muscle motor evoked potentials elicited by transcranial electric stimulation (TES-mMEP) and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (cSSEPs) is safe and effective for spinal cord monitoring during scoliosis surgery. However, TES-mMEP/cSSEP is not always feasible. Predictors of feasibility would help to plan the monitoring strategy.

Purpose: To identify predictors of the feasibility of TES-mMEP/cSSEP during scoliosis surgery.

Study design/setting: Prospective cohort study in a clinical neurophysiology unit and pediatric orthopedic department of a French university hospital.

Patient sample: A total of 103 children aged 2 to 19 years scheduled for scoliosis surgery.

Outcome measures: Feasibility rate of intraoperative TES-mMEP/cSSEP monitoring.

Methods: All patients underwent a preoperative neurological evaluation and preoperative mMEP and cSSEP recordings at both legs. For each factor associated with feasibility, we computed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value. A decision tree was designed.

Results: Presence of any of the following factors was associated with 100% feasibility, 100% specificity, and 100% PPV: idiopathic scoliosis, normal preoperative neurological findings, and normal preoperative mMEP and cSSEP recordings. Feasibility was 0% in the eight patients with no recordable mMEPs or cSSEPs during preoperative testing. A decision tree involving three screening steps can be used to identify patients in whom intraoperative TES-mMEP/cSSEP is feasible.

Conclusions: Preoperative neurological and neurophysiological assessments are helpful for identifying patients who can be successfully monitored by TES-mMEP/cSSEP during scoliosis surgery.

Keywords: Decision tree; Feasibility; Intraoperative monitoring; Motor evoked potentials; Planning; Preoperative procedures; Scoliosis; Somatosensory evoked potentials; Surgery.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cohort Studies
  • Evoked Potentials, Motor / physiology*
  • Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / physiology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Monitoring, Intraoperative / methods*
  • Scoliosis / physiopathology
  • Scoliosis / surgery*
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Spinal Cord / physiopathology*
  • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation*
  • Young Adult