Shock

Abstract

Critically ill patients with undifferentiated shock are complex and challenging cases in the ED. A systematic approach to assessment and management is essential to prevent unnecessary morbidity and mortality. The simplified, systematic approach described in this article focuses on determining the presence of problems with cardiac function (the pump), intravascular volume (the tank), or systemic vascular resistance (the pipes). With this approach, the emergency physician can detect life-threatening conditions and implement time-sensitive therapy.

Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Anaphylaxis; Cardiac tamponade; Hemorrhage; Hypovolemia; Massive pulmonary embolism; Shock; Tension pneumothorax.