Study of the early management of acute pancreatitis

ANZ J Surg. 2017 Oct;87(10):805-809. doi: 10.1111/ans.13330. Epub 2015 Sep 24.

Abstract

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute surgical presentation with evidence-based guidelines for early management. The aim of this study was to assess the compliance to the published guidelines in patients presenting with AP in Western Sydney.

Methods: A retrospective case note audit was conducted for all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of AP from 2008 to 2011 in Western Sydney.

Results: There were 932 patients. The mortality was low for mild (0.7%) and severe (1.2%) AP. There was an under-utilization of ultrasound (U/S) with 239 (25.6%) patients not having a U/S. There was an over-utilization of early (within 72 h) computed tomography scanning for diagnosis (31.1%), assessment of severity (16.1%) and assessment for the presence of complications (7.3%). Inappropriate prophylactic antibiotic usage occurred in 15.3% patients. Of 373 cases of gallstone pancreatitis, only 231 (69.1%) had a cholecystectomy within 4 weeks of presentation. There was an under-utilization of early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for associated cholangitis (12.5%). Only 16 (18.8%) patients with severe pancreatitis received enteric feeding. In patients with pancreatic necrosis, 50% had invasive intervention delayed beyond 4 weeks and 69% had minimally invasive procedures performed prior to necrosectomy. Patients having a minimally invasive procedure initially showed an improvement in mortality compared with those who had primary necrosectomy (0 versus 40%, P = 0.025).

Conclusions: Although morbidity and mortality were acceptable, there was a failure to comply with evidence-based guidelines for the early management of pancreatitis. The results support for the development and auditing of protocols for the early assessment and treatment of AP in all hospitals.

Keywords: acute pancreatitis; antibiotic; early management; imaging.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Australia / epidemiology
  • Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / statistics & numerical data*
  • Cholangitis / complications
  • Cholangitis / surgery*
  • Cholecystectomy / methods
  • Early Medical Intervention / methods*
  • Evidence-Based Practice / standards
  • Female
  • Guideline Adherence / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / methods
  • Pancreatitis / diagnostic imaging*
  • Pancreatitis / etiology
  • Pancreatitis / mortality
  • Pancreatitis / surgery*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed / statistics & numerical data
  • Ultrasonography / statistics & numerical data
  • Young Adult