The anaemia most frequently encountered in paediatrics is iron deficiency anaemia. The deficiency may be latent or patent. It may be responsible for repeated infections and interfere with the child's psychomotor development. The disease is most often due to a low intake of dietary iron, and it can be prevented by supplementing the mothers during pregnancy and by an adequate diet. Folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiencies are much rarely encountered. Vitamin E deficiency may result in haemolysis, notably in premature infants.