Proneurogenic Ligands Defined by Modeling Developing Cortex Growth Factor Communication Networks

Neuron. 2016 Sep 7;91(5):988-1004. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.07.037. Epub 2016 Aug 18.

Abstract

The neural stem cell decision to self-renew or differentiate is tightly regulated by its microenvironment. Here, we have asked about this microenvironment, focusing on growth factors in the embryonic cortex at a time when it is largely comprised of neural precursor cells (NPCs) and newborn neurons. We show that cortical NPCs secrete factors that promote their maintenance, while cortical neurons secrete factors that promote differentiation. To define factors important for these activities, we used transcriptome profiling to identify ligands produced by NPCs and neurons, cell-surface mass spectrometry to identify receptors on these cells, and computational modeling to integrate these data. The resultant model predicts a complex growth factor environment with multiple autocrine and paracrine interactions. We tested this communication model, focusing on neurogenesis, and identified IFNγ, Neurturin (Nrtn), and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) as ligands with unexpected roles in promoting neurogenic differentiation of NPCs in vivo.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Differentiation / physiology
  • Cerebral Cortex / growth & development*
  • Cerebral Cortex / metabolism
  • Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Interferon-gamma / physiology*
  • Ligands
  • Mice
  • Models, Neurological*
  • Nerve Growth Factors / metabolism*
  • Neural Stem Cells / physiology
  • Neurogenesis / physiology*
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Neurons / physiology
  • Neurturin / physiology*
  • Primary Cell Culture
  • Transcriptome / physiology

Substances

  • Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
  • IFNG protein, mouse
  • Ligands
  • Nerve Growth Factors
  • Neurturin
  • Nrtn protein, mouse
  • Interferon-gamma