An enhancer haplotype may influence BCL11A expression levels and the response to hydroxyurea in β-thalassemia patients

Pharmacogenomics. 2017 Jul;18(10):995-967. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0019. Epub 2017 Jun 22.

Abstract

Aim: To identify the BCL11A intron-2 enhancer linkage disequilibrium (LD) block, harboring two previously identified SNPs, associating with the hydroxyurea response in β-thalassemia patients and the functional significance of this region.

Materials & methods: Several neighboring SNPs were genotyped in our cohort. The associating LD block was identified, and its function studied in K562 erythroid cells via CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.

Results: A haplotype harboring three tag SNPs correlated significantly with the HU-response and BCL11A transcript levels in the patients' reticulocytes. Two deletions encompassing this LD block significantly reduced BCL11A transcript levels in K562 cells.

Conclusion: Our data suggest an essential role for this LD block in BCL11A expression levels and the response to hydroxyurea in β-thalassemia patients.

Keywords: BCL11A enhancer; CRISPR/Cas9; hydroxyurea; β-thalassemia.

MeSH terms

  • Carrier Proteins / genetics*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Enhancer Elements, Genetic
  • Gene Frequency
  • Genotype
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Haplotypes
  • Humans
  • Hydroxyurea / administration & dosage
  • Hydroxyurea / pharmacokinetics
  • Hydroxyurea / therapeutic use*
  • K562 Cells
  • Linkage Disequilibrium
  • Nuclear Proteins / genetics*
  • Pharmacogenomic Variants*
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*
  • Repressor Proteins
  • Reticulocytes / metabolism
  • Transfection
  • beta-Thalassemia / blood
  • beta-Thalassemia / drug therapy*
  • beta-Thalassemia / genetics

Substances

  • BCL11A protein, human
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Repressor Proteins
  • Hydroxyurea