Dietary patterns and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study

Emily A Hu; Lyn M Steffen; Morgan E Grams; Deidra C Crews; Josef Coresh; Lawrence J Appel; Casey M Rebholz

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz146

Dietary patterns and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study

Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Sep 1;110(3):713-721. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz146.

Authors

Emily A Hu^{1

2}, Lyn M Steffen³, Morgan E Grams^{1

4}, Deidra C Crews^{1

4}, Josef Coresh^{1

2}, Lawrence J Appel^{1

2}, Casey M Rebholz^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
² Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
³ Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
⁴ Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Abstract

Background: Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and alternate Mediterranean diet (aMed) scores, is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The association between these scores and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is undetermined.

Objective: We aimed to estimate the association between the HEI, AHEI, and aMed scores and risk of incident CKD.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis in 12,155 participants aged 45-64 y from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We calculated HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and aMed scores for each participant and categorized them into quintiles of each dietary score. Incident CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 accompanied by ≥25% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate, a kidney disease-related hospitalization or death, or end-stage renal disease. We used cause-specific hazard models to estimate risk of CKD from the quintile of the dietary score through to 31 December 2017.

Results: There were 3980 cases of incident CKD over a median follow-up of 24 y. Participants who had higher adherence to the HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and aMed scores were more likely to be female, have higher educational attainment, higher income level, be nonsmokers, more physically active, and diabetic compared with participants who scored lower. All 3 dietary scores were associated with lower CKD risk (P-trend < 0.001). Participants who were in the highest quintile of HEI-2015 score had a 17% lower risk of CKD (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.92) compared with participants in the lowest quintile. Those in quintile 5 of AHEI-2010 and aMed scores, respectively, had a 20% and 13% lower risk of CKD compared with those in quintile 1.

Conclusion: Higher adherence to healthy dietary patterns during middle age was associated with lower risk of CKD.

Keywords: AHEI; ARIC; DASH; HEI; Mediterranean; dietary patterns; dietary scores; kidney disease; renal disease.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

Atherosclerosis*
Diet / classification*
Diet / standards*
Diet, Healthy
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / etiology*
Risk Factors

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding