Negative Emotions and the Course of Depression During Psychotherapy in Suicidal Older Adults With Depression and Cognitive Impairment

Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019 Dec;27(12):1287-1295. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.08.018. Epub 2019 Aug 26.

Abstract

Objective: The study examines the relationship of negative emotions with: 1) non-emotional symptoms (e.g., vegetative and physical symptoms) and 2) the course of depression in suicidal older adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and cognitive impairment treated with psychotherapy.

Design: The authors identified a subgroup of participants (N = 26) who expressed suicidal ideation at Baseline or Week 12 from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of two psychosocial interventions, Problem Adaptation Therapy (PATH) and Supportive Therapy for Cognitively Impaired. The authors assessed negative emotions, non-emotional symptoms of depression, depression severity, and suicidal ideation at entry, week 4, week 8, and week 12.

Participants: Participants were 65 years and older and had a diagnosis of unipolar depression, varying degrees of cognitive impairment (up to moderate dementia) and suicidal ideation.

Setting: The study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine in Westchester, NY.

Measurements: Negative emotions and non-emotional items were identified with the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D).

Results: Among participants with suicidal ideation, the reduction in negative emotions from baseline to week 4, week 4 to week 8, and week 8 to week 12 was significantly associated with the reduction in non-emotional symptoms of depression at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (F(1, 35) = 6.20, p = 0.02) and with the reduction in overall depression severity at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (F(1, 35) = 26.63, p <0.0001) after controlling for depression severity at baseline (HAM-D total score) and time trends.

Conclusion: Our findings may guide the treatment of older patients with depression and suicidal ideation to help reduce depression and suicide risk.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00368940.

Keywords: Suicide/self-harm; cognitive impairment; depression; elderly; negative emotions.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / psychology*
  • Depression / physiopathology
  • Depression / psychology
  • Depression / therapy*
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / physiopathology
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / psychology
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / therapy*
  • Emotions
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Psychotherapy*
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Suicidal Ideation*

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00368940