Feasibility and validation of trans-valvular flow derived by four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in pacemaker recipients

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.
• ² Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
• ³ Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ⁴ Philips, Guildford, UK.
• ⁵ National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
• ⁶ Academic Radiology, Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
• ⁷ Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK. Electronic address: P.Swoboda@leeds.ac.uk.