The research and development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) therapeutic drugs has been undergoing rapid development in recent years in order to achieve the World Health Organization's goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. The focus of early stage clinical trials (including the first human trial) is the selection of subjects, study design, dose selection, administration method, dose escalation, monitoring, observation and reporting procedures for adverse events/reactions (tolerability evaluation), and criteria for subjects to continue and discontinue administration. Therefore, quantitative pharmacology knowledge is required to analyze the relationship between in vivo drug exposure, efficacy and adverse reactions, and the inclusion of exploratory indicators such as HBV RNA, hepatitis B virus core-related antigen (HBcrAg), etc., to analyze the mechanism and target of innovative drugs and the efficacy of cccDNA in anti-hepatocytes. On the other hand, Phase II-III clinical trials prioritize the optimal dose, efficacy and safety indicators to verify the efficacy and safety of new drugs in a wider range of subjects. This paper refers to the relevant domestic and foreign literature, combined with the author's practical experience in early clinical research, and then briefly introduces the clinical issues that should be paid attention to in the design of clinical trials of CHB innovative drugs.
为实现世界卫生组织提出的"2030年消除病毒性肝炎作为重大公共卫生威胁"的目标，慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）治疗药物的研发领域近年正处于快速发展阶段。早期临床试验（包括首次人体试验）关注于受试者的选择、研究设计、给药剂量和方式的选择、剂量爬坡、不良事件/反应（耐受性评价）的监测、观察和报告程序，以及受试者继续给药和停止给药的标准。需要引入定量药理学知识来分析药物的体内暴露量与药效、不良反应的关系，以及纳入探索性指标：乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）RNA、HBV核心相关抗原（HBcrAg）等，来分析新药作用机制和靶点及其抗肝细胞内HBV共价闭合环状DNA的药效。而II～III期临床试验则更关注最佳剂量、疗效、安全性指标，验证新药在更大受试者人群范围内所选择剂量的疗效和安全性。根据国内外有关文献，并结合作者早期临床研究的实践经验,简要介绍CHB创新性药物临床试验设计中应关注的临床问题。.
Keywords: Clinical trial design; Drug; Hepatitis B.