Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey

Abstract

Objectives: To estimate lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS).

Methods: The SNMHS is a face-to-face community epidemiological survey in a nationally representative household sample of citizens ages 15-65 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) (n = 4,004). The World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to estimate lifetime prevalence of common DSM-IV mental disorders.

Results: Estimated lifetime prevalence of any DSM-IV/CIDI disorder is 34.2% and lifetime morbid risk is 38.0%. Anxiety disorders are by far the most prevalent (23.2%) followed by disruptive behavior (11.2%), mood (9.3%), eating (6.1%), and substance use (4.0%) disorders. Synthetic estimates of cohort effects suggest that prevalence of many disorders has increased in recent cohorts. Onsets typically occur in childhood for a number of anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders and in adolescence or early adulthood for most other disorders, although age-of-onset distributions for drug abuse is much later (median age of 31) than in CIDI surveys carried out in other high-income countries.

Conclusions: Lifetime mental disorders are highly prevalent in Saudi Arabia and typically have early ages-of-onset.

Keywords: Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI); Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS); World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative; mental disorders; prevalence.