Abstract
A SARS-like coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that killed more than 3.3 million people worldwide. Like the SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 also employs a receptor-binding motif (RBM) of its spike protein to bind a host receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), to gain entry. Currently, several mRNA or adenoviral vaccines encoding for the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are being used to boost antibodies capable of inhibiting spike-ACE2 interaction and viral entry. However, recent evidence has also suggested an anti-inflammatory effect of spike-reactive antibodies, suggesting that some SARS-CoV-2 spike-based vaccines may elicit protective antibodies capable of inhibiting GM-CSF production and COVID-19 progression.
Keywords:
Antibody; GM-CSF; SARS-CoV-2; Spike protein.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 / metabolism*
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Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
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Antibodies, Neutralizing / metabolism*
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COVID-19 / metabolism
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COVID-19 / prevention & control*
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COVID-19 / virology
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COVID-19 Vaccines / immunology
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COVID-19 Vaccines / therapeutic use*
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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / metabolism
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Host-Pathogen Interactions / drug effects
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Humans
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Protein Binding / drug effects
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SARS-CoV-2 / immunology
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SARS-CoV-2 / metabolism
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SARS-CoV-2 / physiology
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Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / immunology
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Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / metabolism*
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Virus Internalization / drug effects
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Virus Replication / drug effects
Substances
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Antibodies, Neutralizing
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COVID-19 Vaccines
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Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2