Inhibition of MMP2-PEX by a novel ester of dihydroxy cinnamic and linoleic acid from the seagrass Cymodocea serrulata

Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 1;11(1):11451. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90845-9.

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are pivotal for cancer cell migration and metastasis which are generally over-expressed in such cell types. Many drugs targeting MMPs do so by binding to the conserved catalytic domains and thus exhibit poor selectivity due to domain-similarities with other proteases. We report herein the binding of a novel compound [3-(E-3,4-dihydroxycinnamaoyloxyl)-2-hydroxypropyl 9Z, 12Z-octadeca-9, 12-dienoate; Mol. wt: 516.67 Da], (C1), isolated from a seagrass, Cymodocea serrulata to the unconserved hemopexin-like (PEX) domain of MMP2 (- 9.258 kcal/mol). MD simulations for 25 ns, suggest stable ligand-target binding. In addition, C1 killed an ovarian cancer cell line, PA1 at IC50: 5.8 μM (lesser than Doxorubicin: 8.6 µM) and formed micronuclei, apoptotic bodies and nucleoplasmic bridges whilst causing DNA laddering, S and G2/M phase dual arrests and MMP disturbance, suggesting intrinsic apoptosis. The molecule increased mRNA transcripts of BAX and BAD and down-regulated cell survival genes, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, MMP2 and MMP9. The chemical and structural details of C1 were deduced through FT-IR, GC-MS, ESI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR [both 1D and 2D] spectra.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alismatales / chemistry*
  • Animals
  • CHO Cells
  • Cell Cycle / drug effects
  • Cinnamates* / chemistry
  • Cinnamates* / isolation & purification
  • Cinnamates* / pharmacology
  • Cricetulus
  • Esters* / chemistry
  • Esters* / isolation & purification
  • Esters* / pharmacology
  • Linoleic Acid* / chemistry
  • Linoleic Acid* / isolation & purification
  • Linoleic Acid* / pharmacology
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism*
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors* / chemistry
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors* / isolation & purification
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors* / pharmacology
  • Protein Domains

Substances

  • Cinnamates
  • Esters
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
  • cinnamic acid
  • Linoleic Acid
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 2