1 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
2 College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
3 Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
4 Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
5 Department of Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.
6 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
7 Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
8 Healthcare Service Research Center (HSRC), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
9 Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan. stsai22@jhu.edu.
10 Department of Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan. stsai22@jhu.edu.
11 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Graduate Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan. stsai22@jhu.edu.
12 Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. stsai22@jhu.edu.