Moderators of the Effects of mySmartSkin, a Web-Based Intervention to Promote Skin Self-examination and Sun Protection Among Individuals Diagnosed With Melanoma

Ann Behav Med. 2022 Aug 2;56(8):804-815. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaab104.

Abstract

Background: Identifying the characteristics of persons who benefit more from behavioral interventions can help health care providers decide which individuals should be offered particular interventions because this is the subgroup of persons who are more likely to derive greater benefit from the intervention and refine the underlying constructs of the model guiding the intervention.

Purpose: This study evaluated possible demographic, medical, knowledge and attitudinal, and psychosocial variables that may moderate the impact of an online intervention, called mySmartSkin (MSS), on engagement in skin self-examination (SSE) and sun protection behaviors among melanoma survivors.

Methods: Participants completed a baseline survey and were then randomized to the MSS condition or usual care. Follow-up surveys were completed by participants at 8-, 24-, and 48-week postrandomization.

Results: A greater impact of MSS on SSE was illustrated among participants with more phenotypic skin cancer risk factors and participants reporting lower baseline self-efficacy in conducting SSE. A more favorable response of MSS on sun protection behaviors was shown when initial knowledge about abnormal lesions and sun protection barriers were high. Greater use of MSS and more favorable evaluations of it were also associated with higher intervention response.

Conclusions: Future studies seeking to improve SSE and sun protection among melanoma survivors might benefit from focusing on survivors who report more skin cancer risk factors, lower self-efficacy in conducting SSE, less knowledge about what abnormal skin lesions look like, more perceived barriers to sun protection behaviors, and less worry about recurrence and cancer-related distress.

Keywords: Cancer survivors; Digital interventions; Melanoma; Moderator effects; Skin self-examination; Sun protection.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Health Behavior
  • Humans
  • Internet-Based Intervention*
  • Melanoma* / diagnosis
  • Melanoma* / prevention & control
  • Self-Examination / psychology
  • Skin Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Skin Neoplasms* / prevention & control
  • Sunscreening Agents / therapeutic use
  • Survivors / psychology
  • Syndrome

Substances

  • Sunscreening Agents