Objective: To evaluate the relationship between lesion features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, including lesion size and degree of opacity of lesion borders, and aqueous CMV-DNA load in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. Data of patients diagnosed as CMV retinitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital from January 2018 to October 2020 were reviewed. Lesion size was detected by ultra-wide-field fundus image and measured by ImageJ, an image processing and analysis software. Opacity of lesion borders was evaluated by a masked reader. The CMV retinitis lesions were divided into 3 types according to the opacity degree of the border of the lesions: suspected active lesion mildly to moderately opacified lesion and severely opacified lesion. All eyes were diagnosed as active cytomegalovirus retinitis. CMV-DNA in aqueous humor was detected at the first visit and at the end of the induction period of antiviral drugs. CMV-DNA load was quantitatively detected by polymerase chain reaction after 100 μl of aqueous humor was extracted, and were converted to common logarithmic representations. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between lesion area, opacity degree of lesion border and aqueous humor CMV-DNA load. Results: A total of 71 eyes from 46 patients were included and 26 was male and 20 was female. The age of the patients was 27(13, 33)years. The active lesion size of CMV retinitis was 40(12, 65) disc areas. Eight eyes (11.3%) had a suspected active lesion, 51 eyes (71.8%) had a mildly to moderately opacified lesion border, and 12 eyes (16.9%) had a severely opacified border. At the first visit, 67 eyes (94.4%) were CMV-positive, and the CMV-DNA load was 2.04×104 (6.24× 102, 1.48 ×105) copies/ml. After 2 weeks of induction therapy, the viral load was 2.47×102 (1.08× 10, 6.87 ×103) copies/ml. The correlation analysis showed that the CMV-DNA load in aqueous humor was significantly correlated with the lesion border opacity both at presentation and 2 weeks after intravitreal antiviral treatment (r=0.765, P<0.001; r=0.761, P<0.001), but was not related with the size of active fundus lesions (r=0.209, P=0.095; r=0.220, P=0.078). Conclusion: Degrees of lesion border opacity can reflect levels of aqueous viral load of CMV retinitis in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and can become a useful measurement for investigation of CMV retinitis activity.
目的： 分析异基因造血干细胞移植后合并巨细胞病毒（CMV）视网膜炎（CMVR）患眼病灶边缘模糊程度与房水中CMV-DNA载量之间的相关性。 方法： 回顾性病例系列研究。收集2018年1月至2020年10月就诊于北京大学第三医院眼科，并诊断为CMVR的异基因造血干细胞移植后患者的临床资料。首诊测量超广角眼底图像中观察到的CMVR病灶面积，根据边缘的模糊程度将活动性病灶分为可疑活动性病灶、轻到中度模糊病灶以及重到极重度模糊病灶3种类型。所有患眼均为活动性CMVR，在首诊时和抗病毒药物诱导期结束时分别进行房水CMV-DNA的PCR检测。CMV-DNA载量转换为常用对数表示，采用Pearson相关分析法分别比较活动性病灶面积和病灶边缘模糊度与其相关性。 结果： 共46例（71只眼）纳入本研究，其中男性26例，女性20例，年龄27（13，33）岁。活动性病灶的面积为40（12，65）个视盘面积。可疑活动性病灶8只眼（11.3%），轻到中度模糊病灶51只眼（71.8%），重到极重度模糊病灶12只眼（16.9%）。首诊时67只眼（94.4%）呈CMV阳性，CMV-DNA载量为2.04×104（6.24×102，1.48×105）拷贝/ml；2周抗病毒诱导治疗后，病毒载量为2.47×102（1.08×10，6.87×103）拷贝/ml。相关性分析结果显示，首诊时和抗病毒诱导期后lg（房水CMV-DNA载量）与视网膜病灶模糊程度之间呈正相关（r=0.765，P<0.001；r=0.761，P<0.001），而与活动性病灶的面积无明显相关性（r=0.209，P=0.095；r=0.220，P=0.078）。 结论： 异基因造血干细胞移植后并发CMVR的病灶边缘模糊程度可以在一定程度上反应病灶的活动性，并且与房水中CMV-DNA载量相关。.