1 Program on Ethics and Decision Making, The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: andersensk@pitt.edu.
2 Palliative Research Center (PaRC), Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.