Case report: A longitudinal study of an unusual rapidly progressive dementia case

Xiaoyan Liu; Ziqi Fan; Xuanyu Chen; Yanyan Zhang; Fangping He; Xiaohua Ma; Qing Ke

doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1151130

Case report: A longitudinal study of an unusual rapidly progressive dementia case

Front Neurol. 2023 Apr 6:14:1151130. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1151130. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Xiaoyan Liu¹, Ziqi Fan¹, Xuanyu Chen¹, Yanyan Zhang¹, Fangping He¹, Xiaohua Ma², Qing Ke¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
² Department of Neurology, The Second Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Korla Hospital, Xinjiang, China.

Abstract

It is daunting to determine the etiology of rapidly progressive dementia (RPD), which includes metabolic, neoplastic, infectious, autoimmune, neurodegenerative and other conditions. Herein, we illustrate an unusual case of a patient primarily exhibiting RPD, overlapping sleep dysfunction, psychosis and abnormal movement, which was finally defined as anti-IgLON5 disease, a novel and rare autoimmune encephalopathy. Furthermore, we longitudinally described his cognitive and psychological performance in detail, and determined that early initiation of immunotherapy in this patient did not result in a good outcome. These data highlight anti-IgLON5 disease as a possible differential diagnosis in patients with RPD.

Keywords: IgLON5; autoimmune encephalopathy; immunotherapy; psychosis; rapidly progressive dementia.

Publication types

Case Reports