SSL-QALAS: Self-Supervised Learning for rapid multiparameter estimation in quantitative MRI using 3D-QALAS

Abstract

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a method for rapid estimation of multiparametric T₁ , T₂ , proton density, and inversion efficiency maps from 3D-quantification using an interleaved Look-Locker acquisition sequence with T₂ preparation pulse (3D-QALAS) measurements using self-supervised learning (SSL) without the need for an external dictionary.

Methods: An SSL-based QALAS mapping method (SSL-QALAS) was developed for rapid and dictionary-free estimation of multiparametric maps from 3D-QALAS measurements. The accuracy of the reconstructed quantitative maps using dictionary matching and SSL-QALAS was evaluated by comparing the estimated T₁ and T₂ values with those obtained from the reference methods on an International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom. The SSL-QALAS and the dictionary-matching methods were also compared in vivo, and generalizability was evaluated by comparing the scan-specific, pre-trained, and transfer learning models.

Results: Phantom experiments showed that both the dictionary-matching and SSL-QALAS methods produced T₁ and T₂ estimates that had a strong linear agreement with the reference values in the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom. Further, SSL-QALAS showed similar performance with dictionary matching in reconstructing the T₁ , T₂ , proton density, and inversion efficiency maps on in vivo data. Rapid reconstruction of multiparametric maps was enabled by inferring the data using a pre-trained SSL-QALAS model within 10 s. Fast scan-specific tuning was also demonstrated by fine-tuning the pre-trained model with the target subject's data within 15 min.

Conclusion: The proposed SSL-QALAS method enabled rapid reconstruction of multiparametric maps from 3D-QALAS measurements without an external dictionary or labeled ground-truth training data.

Keywords: 3D-QALAS; multiparametric mapping; quantitative MRI; self-supervised learning.