Objective: To investigate the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance condition and its predictive factors after treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues to pegylated interferon-α add-on therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods: Patients with chronic hepatitis B who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2018~2019 were prospectively enrolled. HBsAg≤ 1500 IU/mL, hepatitis B e antigen-negative, HBV DNA undetectable, received antiviral treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues for at least one year, and pegylated interferon-α add-on therapy for 48 weeks were included. The primary endpoint of study was to determine the proportion of HBsAg clearance at 72 weeks. Concurrently, the predictive factors for HBsAg clearance were analyzed. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using a t-test or non-parametric test and a Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 38 cases were included in this study, of which 13 cases obtained HBsAg clearance at 48 weeks of therapy and another six cases obtained HBsAg clearance throughout the extended treatment period of 72 weeks, accounting for 50.00% of all enrolled patients. There was a significant difference in HBsAg dynamics between the HBsAg clearance group and the non-clearance group (P < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients' age, baseline, 12-and 24-week HBsAg levels, and early HBsAg reduction were predictive factors for HBsAg clearance at 72 weeks of treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 1.311; P = 0.016; 95% confidence interval: 1.051~1.635) and HBsAg levels at 24 weeks of treatment (OR = 4.481; P = 0.004; 95% confidence interval: 1.634~12.290) were independent predictors for HBsAg clearance. Conclusion: Hepatitis B e antigen-negative, nucleos(t)ide analogue treated, HBsAg ≤ 1500 IU/mL, and HBV DNA undetectable, peg-IFNα add-on treatment for 48 weeks could promote HBsAg clearance in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Six of the sixteen cases (37.50%) who did not obtain HBsAg clearance at week 48 did so with the course of therapy extended to week 72. Hence, the optimal individualized treatment strategy should be customized according to the predictors rather than the fixed 48-week course. Age (≤ 38), baseline HBsAg level (≤2.86 log(10)IU/ml), HBsAg level at 24 weeks (≤ 0.92 log(10)IU/ml), and 12-week HBsAg decrease from baseline (≥ 0.67 log(10)IU/ml) indicate that patients are highly likely to obtain HBsAg clearance at the 72 weeks of combination therapy, in which the combined indicator based on HBsAg level ≤0.92 log(10)IU/ml at 24 weeks will identify 85.0% to 100.0% of patients with HBsAg clearance.
目的： 探讨核苷（酸）类似物经治慢性乙型肝炎患者加用聚乙二醇干扰素α治疗后乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen，HBsAg)清除情况及其预测因素。 方法： 前瞻性纳入2018至2019年在郑州大学第一附属医院就诊、HBsAg ≤ 1 500 IU/ml、乙型肝炎e抗原阴性、HBV DNA不可测且接受核苷（酸）类似物抗病毒治疗至少1年的慢性乙型肝炎患者，给予加用聚乙二醇干扰素α治疗48周，主要研究终点是72周时HBsAg清除的比例，同时分析HBsAg清除的预测因素。用t检验或非参数检验分析定量数据，Fisher精确检验分析定性数据。 结果： 研究共纳入38例患者，其中13例患者在治疗48周时获得了HBsAg清除，另有6例患者在疗程延长至72周治疗期间获得了HBsAg清除，占全部入组患者的50.00%。比较HBsAg清除组和未清除组间的HBsAg动力学整体上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素logistic回归分析结果显示，患者年龄及基线、12周、24周时HBsAg水平和治疗早期HBsAg下降幅度是治疗72周时HBsAg清除的预测因素；多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄(OR值= 1.311；P = 0.016；95%置信区间：1.051～1.635)和治疗24周时HBsAg水平(OR值=4.481，P = 0.004；95%置信区间：1.634～12.290)是HBsAg清除的独立预测因素。 结论： 对核苷（酸）类似物经治、HBsAg ≤ 1 500 IU/ml、HBV DNA不可测的乙型肝炎e抗原阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者，加用Peg-IFNα治疗48周可促进HBsAg清除；在48周时未获得HBsAg清除的16例患者，将疗程延至72周后，其中6例患者(37.50%)也获得了HBsAg清除，因此需要根据预测指标定制最佳个体化治疗策略，而并非48周固定疗程；年龄(≤ 38岁)、基线HBsAg水平(≤ 2.86 log(10)IU/ml)、24周时HBsAg水平(≤ 0.92 log(10)IU/ml)和12周HBsAg自基线下降幅度(≥ 0.67 log(10)IU/ml)提示患者很大可能在联合治疗72周时获得HBsAg清除，其中基于24周时HBsAg水平≤0.92 log(10) IU/ml的联合指标将识别出85%～100%可能获得HBsAg清除的患者。.
Keywords: Chronic hepatitis B; Hepatitis B surface antigen clearance; Nucleos(t)ide analogues; Pegylated interferon; Previously treatment.