Global Prevalence of Aspirin Use for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nationally Representative, Individual-Level Data

Affiliations

• ¹ Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
• ² Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ³ Department of Internal Medicine, MKPGMS Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala.
• ⁴ St Francis Hospital, Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda.
• ⁵ Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
• ⁶ Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.
• ⁷ Nucleo de Investigaçao, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Central do Maputo, Maputo Mozambique.
• ⁸ Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁹ Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu'Kawoq, Tecpán, Guatemala.
• ¹⁰ Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹¹ Laboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.
• ¹² Nutrition Department, National Center for Public Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
• ¹³ Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
• ¹⁴ Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁵ Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting in Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
• ¹⁶ Public Health Promotion and Development Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
• ¹⁷ Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
• ¹⁸ Telehealth Center, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
• ¹⁹ Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
• ²⁰ Professorship of Behavioral Sciences in Prevention and Care, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
• ²¹ Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, First Faculty of Medicine and Thomayer University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia.
• ²² Department of Medicine II, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia.
• ²³ Department of Public Health and Forensic Health Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
• ²⁴ EPIUnit -Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
• ²⁵ ITR -Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.
• ²⁶ Health Research and Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan.
• ²⁷ Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
• ²⁸ The Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ²⁹ Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa'e, Dili, Timor-Leste.
• ³⁰ Non-Communicable Disease Department, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
• ³¹ Public Health Department, Petre Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy, Georgia.
• ³² Department of Economics & Centre for Modern Indian Studies, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.
• ³³ Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
• ³⁴ Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele and Durban, South Africa.
• ³⁵ Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³⁶ Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³⁷ Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ³⁸ Centre For Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
• ³⁹ Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁴⁰ Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany.
• ⁴¹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
• ⁴² Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University, USA.
• ⁴³ Chan Zuckerberg Biohub -San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
• ⁴⁴ Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁴⁵ Department of Medicine and Global Health Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
• ⁴⁶ Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
• ⁴⁷ The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
• ⁴⁸ Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, UK.
• ⁴⁹ Centre for Global Surgery, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ⁵⁰ Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
• ⁵¹ INCAP Research Center for Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala.