Flavonoids intake and weight-adjusted waist index: insights from a cross-sectional study of NHANES

Shuang Zu; Meiling Yang; Xiude Li; Hanhan Wu; Xunliang Li; Yunshan Fan; Deguang Wang; Bao Zhang

doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1400726

Flavonoids intake and weight-adjusted waist index: insights from a cross-sectional study of NHANES

Front Nutr. 2024 Jun 18:11:1400726. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1400726. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Shuang Zu¹, Meiling Yang², Xiude Li¹, Hanhan Wu¹, Xunliang Li³, Yunshan Fan¹, Deguang Wang³, Bao Zhang¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
² Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
³ Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.

Abstract

This study conducted data on 15,446 adults to explore the impact of flavonoids on weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). This was a nationwide cross-sectional study among US adults aged 20 years or older. Dietary intake of flavonoids was assessed through 24-h recall questionnaire. WWI was calculated by dividing waist circumference (WC) by the square root of weight. We utilized weighted generalized linear regression to evaluate the association between flavonoids intake and WWI, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) to explore potential non-linear relationships. Our findings indicated that individuals with lower WWI experienced a notable increase in their consumption of total flavonoids, flavanones, flavones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanidins intake (β (95% CI); -0.05(-0.09, -0.01); -0.07(-0.13, 0.00); -0.07(-0.11, -0.02); -0.06(-0.11, 0.00); -0.13(-0.18, -0.08), respectively), with the exception of flavonols and isoflavones. Additionally, consumption of total flavonoids, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, and flavan-3-ols had a non-linear relationship with WWI (all P for non-linearity < 0.05). Furthermore, the effect of total flavonoids on WWI varied in race (P for interaction = 0.011), gender (P for interaction = 0.038), and poverty status (P for interaction = 0.002). These findings suggested that increase the intake of flavonoids might prevent abdominal obesity, but further prospective studies are requested before dietary recommendation.

Keywords: NHANES; abdominal obesity; flavonoids dietary recommendation; flavonoids intake; weight-adjusted waist index.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2008085MH244) and grants from The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC2006502). The funding agency had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.