Risk of anti-TNF therapy on pregnancy, breastfeeding, live vaccines and related information in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Real-world data from a nationwide study

Dig Liver Dis. 2024 Dec;56(12):2038-2044. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.06.011. Epub 2024 Jul 8.

Abstract

Background: Anti-TNF are usually maintained during pregnancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but safety is still a concern for them.

Aims: To provide data on management of anti-TNF agents during pregnancy, safety of live vaccines (BCG-MMR-rotavirus) and breastfeeding in newborns and dedicated information delivered to IBD women.

Methods: We performed an observational study in 25 centers from 2016 to 2018. We administered questionnaires to women with IBD receiving anti-TNF during pregnancy with newborn follow-up ≥ one year.

Results: Of 153 patients, 52 % maintained anti-TNF during the third trimester. Anti-TNF was shortly resumed in 79 % (58/73) after delivery. The rate of breastfeeding was 44 % (68/153) without any complication; 38 % of the mothers denied to breastfeed based on physician's advice. 26 % (34/129) of the newborns received live vaccines before 6 months-old (BCG:30 %; MMR:63 %; Rotavirus:8 %) and only 3 complications occurred (local BCGitis=1, fever=2). Information concerning anti-TNF during pregnancy/post-partum was delivered to 92 % of the patients, mainly by a gastroenterologist (97 %) who discussed with the obstetrician or the paediatrician in only 48 % and 25 %.

Conclusion: In IBD patients, maintaining anti-TNF during pregnancy and breastfeeding is safe. Accidental live vaccines before 6 months did not lead to significant adverse events. The communication about these questions remains to improve.

Keywords: Anti-TNF therapy; Breastfeeding; Inflammatory bowel disease; Live vaccines; Pregnancy.

Publication types

  • Observational Study
  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Breast Feeding*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* / drug therapy
  • Italy
  • Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / administration & dosage
  • Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / adverse effects
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications* / drug therapy
  • Rotavirus Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Rotavirus Vaccines / adverse effects
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors / adverse effects
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / antagonists & inhibitors

Substances

  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
  • Rotavirus Vaccines