Background: CD4 measurement is pivotal in the management of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. VISITECT CD4 Advanced Disease (VISITECT; AccuBio, Ltd) is an instrument-free, point-of-care, semiquantitative test allowing visual identification of CD4 ≤ 200 cells/µL or >200 cells/ µL from finger-prick or venous blood.
Methods: As part of a diagnostic accuracy study of FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM, people with HIV ≥18 years old were prospectively recruited in 7 countries from outpatient departments if a tuberculosis symptom was present, and from inpatient departments. Participants provided venous blood for CD4 measurement using flow cytometry (reference standard) and finger-prick blood for VISITECT (index text), performed at point-of-care. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of VISITECT to determine CD4 ≤ 200 cells/ µL were evaluated.
Results: Among 1604 participants, the median flow cytometry CD4 was 367 cells/µL (interquartile range, 128-626 cells/µL) and 521 (32.5%) had CD4 ≤ 200 cells/µL. VISITECT sensitivity was 92.7% (483/521; 95% confidence interval [CI], 90.1%-94.7%) and specificity was 61.4% (665/1083; 95% CI, 58.4%-64.3%). For participants with CD4 0-100, 101-200, 201-300, 301-500, and >500 cells/µL, VISITECT misclassified 4.5% (95% CI, 2.5%-7.2%), 12.5 (95% CI, 8.0%-18.2%), 74.1% (95% CI, 67.0%-80.5%), 48.0% (95% CI, 42.5%-53.6%), and 22.6% (95% CI, 19.3%-26.3%), respectively.
Conclusions: VISITECT's sensitivity, but not specificity, met the World Health Organization's minimal sensitivity and specificity threshold of 80% for point-of-care CD4 tests. VISITECT's quality needs to be assessed and its accuracy optimized. VISITECT's utility as CD4 triage test should be investigated. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04089423.
Keywords: AIDS-related opportunistic infections; CD4 Antigens; HIV; point-of-care; sensitivity and specificity.
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.