Core medication use in general practice prescriptions: A pilot study evaluating the Drug Utilization 90% Index in Irish general practice

Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2025 Apr;91(4):1241-1249. doi: 10.1111/bcp.16356. Epub 2024 Dec 8.

Abstract

Aims: The Drug Utilization 90% Index (DU90%), the number of medicines making up 90% of a doctor's prescribing, is a simple tool that can be used to describe core prescribing patterns. This research aimed to pilot the application of the DU90% in the Irish context, to investigate the relationship between the DU90% and prescriber and practice characteristics and prescribing quality.

Methods: Retrospective observational study using anonymous prescription data from a sample of Irish general practitioners (GPs). Participating GPs provided demographic details and extracted prescription data for 2018-2022 using their existing software systems. The DU90% was calculated annually at both the practice and prescriber level. Prescribing quality indicators included antibiotic, benzodiazepine prescribing rates and high-risk nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescribing. The association of the DU90% with prescriber and practice characteristics and prescribing quality indicators was explored with multilevel modelling.

Results: Thirty-eight prescribers from 22 different practices were included. The mean DU90% for prescribers was 141.5 (standard deviation 12.9) and for practices was 145.62 (standard deviation 11.87). Practices in receipt of the rural deprivation grant had a significantly lower DU90% (incidence rate ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.88-0.98). There was no evidence of an association between prescriber-level characteristics and the DU90% (sex, years qualified, number of sessions worked). There was a small positive relationship between the prescriber DU90% and total prescriptions, antibiotic and benzodiazepine prescribing rates, and higher rates of high-risk nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescriptions.

Conclusion: Applying the DU90% to Irish general practice prescriptions is feasible, revealing that GPs typically use 140 medicines in the bulk of their prescribing.

Keywords: drug utilization; medication safety; prescribing; primary care; quality use of medicines.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use
  • Drug Prescriptions* / statistics & numerical data
  • Drug Utilization* / standards
  • Drug Utilization* / statistics & numerical data
  • Female
  • General Practice* / standards
  • General Practice* / statistics & numerical data
  • General Practitioners / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Ireland
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pilot Projects
  • Practice Patterns, Physicians'* / standards
  • Practice Patterns, Physicians'* / statistics & numerical data
  • Quality Indicators, Health Care / statistics & numerical data
  • Retrospective Studies

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal