Correlation between parathyroid adenoma volume and perioperative outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism: Does the size matter?

Updates Surg. 2025 Apr;77(2):381-388. doi: 10.1007/s13304-025-02086-4. Epub 2025 Jan 30.

Abstract

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) due to a parathyroid adenoma stands as one of the most prevalent endocrinological disorders, with focused parathyroidectomy being the established therapeutic strategy.

Aim: This study aims to investigate whether the volume of the pathological gland influences perioperative outcomes and postoperative morbidity.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 141 patients who underwent focused parathyroidectomy for PHPT at the University Hospital of Basel between 2007 and 2022.

Results: A total of 141 patients underwent surgery, with a mean age of 57.2 years and prevalence of women (64.5%).The volume of the lesion was divided into three groups (low < 1 ml, middle 1-1.99 ml, large > 2 ml) based on pathological specimen analysis. Preoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) values were significantly higher in the large volume group compared to the low volume group (p < 0.05), while phosphate and vitamin D values were significantly lower (p < 0.05). A comparison of adenoma volume in symptomatic patients with asymptomatic patients revealed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.845) and the volume of the gland of any group did not influence the length of the operation (p = 0.173) and the perioperative morbidity (p = 0.108).

Conclusion: Compared to a volume of less than 1 ml, a parathyroid gland volume greater than 2 ml was associated with higher preoperative PTH and calcium levels and lower phosphate and vitamin D levels. The volume of the parathyroid gland does not seem to impact the clinical manifestations, or the incidence of perioperative complications.

Keywords: Parathyroid adenoma; Parathyroidectomy; Postoperative complications; Primary hyperparathyroidism.

MeSH terms

  • Adenoma* / complications
  • Adenoma* / pathology
  • Adenoma* / surgery
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Calcium / blood
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hyperparathyroidism, Primary* / etiology
  • Hyperparathyroidism, Primary* / pathology
  • Hyperparathyroidism, Primary* / surgery
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Parathyroid Glands* / pathology
  • Parathyroid Hormone / blood
  • Parathyroid Neoplasms* / complications
  • Parathyroid Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Parathyroid Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Parathyroidectomy* / methods
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Tumor Burden*

Substances

  • Parathyroid Hormone
  • Calcium