Prognostic value of Glasgow prognostic score in hematological malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Int J Hematol. 2025 Apr;121(4):450-461. doi: 10.1007/s12185-025-03935-z. Epub 2025 Feb 3.

Abstract

Objective: The Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) is used to predict the prognosis of several cancers. This first systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the role of GPS in predicting overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with hematological malignancies.

Methods: Embase, PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar were screened for studies evaluating the prognostic role of GPS in hematological malignancies.

Results: Twelve studies were eligible. Meta-analysis showed that patients with GPS of ≥1 and ≥2 had worse OS than those with GPS of 0. We noted that both GPS scores of ≥1 and ≥2 were associated with significantly poor PFS in patients with hematological malignancies. Results remained robust on sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion: GPS can be used as a predictor of OS and PFS in patients with hematological malignancies. High GPS scores can lead to a twofold higher risk of poor OS and PFS.

Keywords: Inflammation; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Myeloma; Prognosis.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review
  • Meta-Analysis
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Hematologic Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Hematologic Neoplasms* / mortality
  • Humans
  • Prognosis
  • Progression-Free Survival