Vitamin-D Insufficiency Leads to Interleukin-10 Reduction in Peri-Implant Tissues: A Case-Control Study

Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2025 Feb;27(1):e13425. doi: 10.1111/cid.13425.

Abstract

Objectives: Vitamin D has been reported to be crucial for bone mineralization and to play a significant role in immune and inflammatory responses. Its deficiency has been stated to be highly prevalent and might alter osseointegration of dental implants. Successful osseointegration has been claimed to be a critical aspect of implant survival and the effects of vitamin D on implant osseointegration have not been well documented. This study aimed to evaluate bone markers and cytokine levels of patients with or without vitamin D insufficiency.

Material and methods: A total of 42 patients were included and divided into two groups: vitamin D insufficient (Group IN-S; n = 21) and vitamin D sufficient (Group S; n = 21). Besides clinical periodontal parameters and implant stability measurements, the levels of RANKL, OPG, osteocalcin (OC), calcium (Ca), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, caspase-1 (CASP1), and IL-10 in bone biopsy from implant preparation sockets and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were represented as concentration and total amount.

Results: PICF RANKL levels (both concentration and total amount) were higher in patients with Vitamin D insufficiency compared to sufficient controls (p < 0.05). Concentration and total amount of IL-10 were significantly lower in vitamin D insufficient participants than those of vitamin D sufficient group (p < 0.05). No differences were detected between the groups in terms of other parameters. Bone levels of all evaluated parameters also did not differ between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: It may be concluded that a low serum level of vitamin D may affect peri-implant health through altering IL-10 and RANKL.

Keywords: IL‐10; RANKL; calcium; osteointegration; peri‐implantitis; vitamin D.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Dental Implants*
  • Female
  • Gingival Crevicular Fluid / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-10* / analysis
  • Interleukin-10* / metabolism
  • Interleukin-1beta / metabolism
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Osseointegration
  • Osteocalcin / analysis
  • Osteocalcin / metabolism
  • Osteoprotegerin / analysis
  • Osteoprotegerin / metabolism
  • RANK Ligand / analysis
  • RANK Ligand / metabolism
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / analysis
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin D Deficiency* / complications
  • Vitamin D Deficiency* / metabolism

Substances

  • Interleukin-10
  • RANK Ligand
  • Dental Implants
  • Osteocalcin
  • IL10 protein, human
  • Osteoprotegerin
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Calcium
  • Vitamin D
  • Biomarkers
  • Interleukin-1beta