Interim 2024/25 influenza vaccine effectiveness: eight European studies, September 2024 to January 2025

Euro Surveill. 2025 Feb;30(7):2500102. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.7.2500102.

Abstract

The 2024/25 influenza season in Europe is currently characterised by co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominating. Interim vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates from eight European studies (17 countries) indicate an all-age influenza A VE of 32-53% in primary care and 33-56% in hospital settings, with some signals of lower VE by subtype and higher VE against influenza B (≥ 58% across settings). Where feasible, influenza vaccination should be encouraged and other prevention measures strengthened.

Keywords: Europe; influenza; multicentre study; test-negative design; vaccine effectiveness.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Europe / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype* / immunology
  • Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype* / isolation & purification
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype* / immunology
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype* / isolation & purification
  • Influenza B virus* / immunology
  • Influenza B virus* / isolation & purification
  • Influenza Vaccines* / administration & dosage
  • Influenza Vaccines* / immunology
  • Influenza, Human* / epidemiology
  • Influenza, Human* / prevention & control
  • Influenza, Human* / virology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Seasons
  • Vaccination* / statistics & numerical data
  • Vaccine Efficacy*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Influenza Vaccines