1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
2 Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
3 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
4 COPDGene Study Consortium, Denver, CO, USA.
5 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
6 Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
7 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
8 Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
9 Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
10 Department of Critical Care Medicine, South Shore Hospital, 55 Fogg Road, South Weymouth, MA, 02190, USA. samuel.ash@tufts.edu.
11 Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. samuel.ash@tufts.edu.