Bacterial predators and BALOs: Growth protocol and relation with mitochondria

Abstract

The microbial world is characterized by mechanisms of competition and predation, akin to the animal world. However, while predation's ecological role is well-established in animals, it's less understood in bacteria due to fewer known predators and unclear phylogenetic affiliations. Nevertheless, microorganisms can prey on bacterial cells, including Bacteriophages, Protists, and Predatory Prokaryotes. These predators inhabit various habitats and may play vital roles in bacterial ecology and ecosystem regulation. Predatory interactions between host and parasite are common in nature. Predatory bacteria, such as Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs), employ various strategies, including epibiotic predation and direct invasion. BALOs, which thrive in the periplasmic space of Gram-negative bacterial cells, modulate bacterial populations and could serve as preventive or therapeutic agents against Gram-negative infections. While primarily active against extracellular prey, BALOs may also target mitochondria, which are crucial for cellular processes. The relationship between intracellular bacteria and host mitochondria, including morphology, function, and apoptosis, warrants further exploration. Protocols for growing, propagating, and detecting predatory activities of BALOs, particularly Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, are provided to assess their presence and activities against potential prey.

Keywords: BALOs; Bacterial pathogens; Bacterial predation; Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus; Biofilm; E. coli; Mitochondria; Predation assay; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; qPCR.