Background: The perioperative management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery is highly complex and involves numerous factors. There is a strong association between cardiac surgery and perioperative complications. The Brazilian Surgical Identification Study (BraSIS 2) aims to assess the incidence of death and early postoperative complications, identify potential risk factors, and examine both the demographic characteristics of patients and the epidemiology of cardiovascular procedures.
Methods and analysis: BraSIS 2 is a multicenter observational study of patients who undergo cardiac surgery and who are admitted to the intensive care unit. The primary objective is to describe the risk factors and incidence of mortality or severe postoperative complications occurring within the first 3 postoperative days of cardiac surgery or until intensive care unit discharge (whichever event occurs first). Severe postoperative complications include acute myocardial infarction, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiorespiratory arrest with return of spontaneous circulation, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage ≥ 2, a new surgical approach being conducted in an unscheduled event of urgency or emergency, renal replacement therapy, septic shock, severe bleeding, severe hemodynamic instability, stroke, unplanned reintubation, and unplanned use of a circulatory assistance device. The secondary outcomes include the evaluation of patient characteristics and descriptions of the performed surgeries and administered anesthesia. This study will also assess intraoperative and postoperative complications, as well as risk factors associated with postoperative complications and mortality. We expect to recruit 500 patients from at least 10 Brazilian intensive care units. Trial registration: NCT06154473; partial results.