Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2025 Mar 5:16:333-348. doi: 10.3762/bjnano.16.25. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

In this study, zinc telluride (ZnTe) films were grown on quartz substrates at room temperature, 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C using RF sputtering. The thickness of the films has been found to decrease from 940 nm at room temperature to 200 nm at 600 °C with increasing substrate temperature. The structural investigation using grazing incidence angle X-ray diffraction revealed that films deposited at room temperature are amorphous; those deposited at other substrate temperatures are polycrystalline with a cubic zincblende structure and a preferred orientation along the [111] direction. An increase in crystallite size (from 37.60 ± 0.42 Å to 68.88 ± 1.04 Å) is observed with increased substrate temperature. This leads to a reduction in microstrain and dislocation density. The optical studies using UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy reveal that the transmittance of films increases with substrate temperature. Further, the shift in transmittance threshold towards lower wavelengths with substrate temperature indicates that the optical bandgap of the films can be tuned from 1.47 ± 0.02 eV to 3.11 ± 0.14 eV. The surface morphology of the films studied using atomic force microscopy reveals that there is uniform grain growth on the surface. Various morphological parameters such as roughness, particle size, particle density, skewness, and kurtosis were determined. Current-voltage characteristics indicate that the conductivity of the films increased with substrate temperature. The observed variations in structural, morphological, and optical parameters have been discussed and correlated. The wide bandgap (3.11 eV), high crystallinity, high transmittance, and high conductivity of the ZnTe film produced at 600 °C make it a suitable candidate for use as a buffer layer in solar cell applications.

Keywords: RF sputtering; ZnTe; bandgap; physical properties; substrate temperature.

Grants and funding

One of the authors (Kafi Devi) thanks the University Grant Comission (UGC), New Delhi for providing a (UGC-JRF) fellowship. The authors are greatful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi for providing funds for 200 kV ion accelerator and related characterization facilities at Kurukshetra University. The authors are also thankful to the Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD), New Delhi for RUSA 2.0 grants to the Center for Advanced Material Research (CAMR), Kurukshetra University.