Regionally resolved cardiac metabolism using a dipole-loop array coil for 7 T 31P-MRSI

Abstract

Purpose: We introduce a novel commercial phosphorus-31 (³¹P) dipole-loop array coil, describing the coil hardware and testing its performance on phantoms. We used this coil to assess cardiac metabolism per region in healthy volunteers.

Methods: B₁ ⁺ field maps were simulated and compared to maps measured with a set of CSI sequences with varying voltages. Seventeen volunteers were scanned with 7 T phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (³¹P-MRSI). Reproducibility was assessed in nine of these volunteers. Strain was measured for six of these volunteers at 3 T.

Results: Blood- and saturation-corrected Phosphocreatine/γ-adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratios were measured for four regions of the left ventricle: 1.86 in septum, 2.25 in anterior wall, 1.41 in inferior wall, and 1.53 in lateral wall, respectively. These are in the expected range compared to previous studies. B₁ ⁺ maps show good signal uniformity around the position of the heart (0.13 ± 0.06 μT/sqrt(W)). Intrasession and intersession coefficients of reproducibility were 0.22-0.88 and 0.29-0.79, respectively. Linear modeling shows that regional PCr/γATP correlates with circumferential strain but not radial strain. This requires corroboration by a larger study including patients with impaired function and energetics.

Conclusion: Dipole-loop array coils present a promising new approach for human cardiac ³¹P-MRSI at 7 T. Their favorable B₁ ⁺ uniformity at depth and specific absorption rate over loop arrays and improved SNR when combined with loops for reception could be beneficial for further clinical studies measuring energetics by ³¹P-MRSI at 7 T. The new capability to assess PCr/γATP ratios across the whole left ventricle could enable clinical studies to investigate regional changes in cardiac energetics for the first time.

Keywords: 31P‐MRSI; array coils; heart energetics; heart failure; metabolic imaging; spectroscopic imaging.