Introduction: Fluoroquinolones (FQ) have a favorable safety profile, but the risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is well described. The aim of this study was to identify clinical features and HLA genetic variants associated with FQ-DILI in a large national registry.
Methods: Analysis of FQ-DILI cases enrolled in DILI Network between 2004 and 2022. HLA class I and II alleles were sequenced by the Illumina MiSeq platform.
Results: Sixty-one cases (32 ciprofloxacin, 22 levofloxacin, 7 moxifloxacin) were included. Clinical features between the 3 drugs were similar. The median duration of therapy was 7 (range 2-54) days, median age 53 (range 22-80) years, and 67% were female. Median latency to onset was 12 (range 2-1,370) days with 44% hepatocellular, 30% mixed, and 26% cholestatic pattern of liver injury. Median time to recovery was 65 days, but 13% had persistent injury at 6 months, 15% died (11% because of liver failure). Two HLA alleles were associated with an increased risk of liver injury: HLA-DQA1*03:01 (carriage frequency 38% in cases vs 19% in controls) and HLA B*57:01 (15% vs 6%). There was a significant difference between the combined carriage frequency of the 2 alleles of 48% in cases vs 24% controls ( P = 0.0001). No clinical characteristics or outcomes were associated with carriers compared with noncarriers.
Discussion: FQ DILI is a class effect that presents with a short latency, variable pattern of liver injury, and carries a significant risk of chronicity and mortality. There is a significant association with HLA-DQA1*03:01 and HLA B*57:01 .
Keywords: HLA genotype associations; drug-induced liver injury.
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