Deep learning-based acceleration of muscle water T2 mapping in patients with neuromuscular diseases by more than 50% - translating quantitative MRI from research to clinical routine

Joachim Schmitt; Dominik Weidlich; Kilian Weiss; Jonathan Stelter; Federica Montagnese; Marcus Deschauer; Benedikt Schoser; Claus Zimmer; Dimitrios C Karampinos; Jan S Kirschke; Sarah Schlaeger

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318599

Deep learning-based acceleration of muscle water T2 mapping in patients with neuromuscular diseases by more than 50% - translating quantitative MRI from research to clinical routine

PLoS One. 2025 Apr 16;20(4):e0318599. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318599. eCollection 2025.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
² Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
³ Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
⁴ Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
⁵ Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
⁶ Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

Abstract

Background: Quantitative muscle water T2 (T2w) mapping is regarded as a biomarker for disease activity and response to treatment in neuromuscular diseases (NMD). However, the implementation in clinical settings is limited due to long scanning times and low resolution. Using artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate MR image acquisition offers a possible solution. Combining compressed sensing and parallel imaging with AI-based reconstruction, known as CSAI (SmartSpeed, Philips Healthcare), allows for the generation of high-quality, weighted MR images in a shorter scan time. However, CSAI has not yet been investigated for quantitative MRI. Therefore, in the present work we assessed the performance of CSAI acceleration for T2w mapping compared to standard acceleration with SENSE.

Methods: T2w mapping of the thigh muscles, based on T2-prepared 3D TSE with SPAIR fat suppression, was performed using standard SENSE (acceleration factor of 2; 04:35 min; SENSE) and CSAI (acceleration factor of 5; 01:57 min; CSAI 5x) in ten patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Subjects were scanned in two consecutive sessions (14 days in between). In each dataset, six regions of interest were placed in three thigh muscles bilaterally. SENSE and CSAI 5x acceleration were compared for i) image quality using apparent signal- and contrast-to-noise ratio (aSNR/aCNR), ii) diagnostic agreement of T2w values, and iii) intra- and inter-session reproducibility.

Results: aSNR and aCNR of SENSE and CSAI 5x scans were not significantly different (p > 0.05). An excellent agreement of SENSE and CSAI 5x T2w values was shown (r = 0.99; ICC = 0.992). T2w mapping with both acceleration methods showed excellent, matching intra-method reproducibility.

Conclusion: AI-based acceleration of CS data allows for scan time reduction of more than 50% for T2w mapping in the thigh muscles of NMD patients without compromising quantitative validity.

Copyright: © 2025 Schmitt et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

MeSH terms

Adult
Deep Learning*
Female
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / methods
Magnetic Resonance Imaging* / methods
Male
Middle Aged
Muscle, Skeletal* / diagnostic imaging
Muscle, Skeletal* / metabolism
Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral* / diagnostic imaging
Neuromuscular Diseases* / diagnostic imaging
Water
Young Adult

Substances

Water

Grants and funding

Sarah Schlaeger was supported by a faculty internal grant (Technical University of Munich, KKF H-09). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.